数通园区+数据中心+广域网流量洞察实验
本帖最后由 cfplzjc 于 2026-11-8 22:47 编辑<p>一、BPF工具的使用</p>
<p>本次聚焦BPF工具和流量观察,不对原理和实验结果做过多赘述。</p>
<p>(1)初始对协议等参数不清楚的情况下,建议使用协议过滤,比如过滤内层vxlan封装的源=10.18.1.10-->目的=10.18.2.10的数据包,由于链路上还存在不带vxlan裸ip封装,配置如下</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/181552iqcya4csu5aqf0p0.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/181630ud3f3yf663u40uhw.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>(2)反向解析,比如已经有一个filter语句,可以进行反向解析,并生成新的filter语句,比如最常用的,正向request语句生成,想生成反向reply语句,可参考这个方法。</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/181806z8hsffsou886uh6f.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/181932yod8d8ojm4dzjh24.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/182017vrp2zdoc7hcf24pr.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>(3)遇到filter不生效,建议先放大范围,匹配数据,然后再进一步缩小范围,比如只保留红框部分进行测试。</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/182115ontzqv6vn4xgtvqq.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>一、园区网</p>
<p>由于园区S交换机在802.1x和portal认证等功能上有缺失,这里选用AR6700v-L作为802.1x认证控制点和网关,AR1000v作为porta认证控制点和网关,无线采用华三VAC+真实AP仿真无线portal认证试验。</p>
<p>注:本次暂未做流量测试,等云杉S交换机补齐认证功能,做二次扩展测试。</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/215850cpuwpvvzruzhyzap.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>二、数据中心</p>
<p>1、第1种组网,网络虚拟化,一般是华为提供网络提供vxlan隧道,对接友商虚拟化平台,如VMware Vcenter。网络和计算解耦</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/211757z89ihn99evw9fe4n.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>2、这里的流量模型比较简单,大致为以下几种</p>
<p>(1)DC01租户A访问出口PE</p>
<p>filter</p>
<p>request:<code>(ip and udp port 4789 and ether == 0xC0A8010A and ether == 0x58010101) or (icmp and src host 192.168.1.10 and dst host 88.1.1.1)</code></p>
<p>reply:<code>ip and udp port 4789 and ether == 0x58010101 and ether == 0x3F57FEF6 or (icmp and src host 88.1.1.1 and dst host 192.168.1.10)</code></p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/212802cu1w5l6i56ictqxx.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>(2)DC02租户B访问出口PE</p>
<p>filter</p>
<p>request:<code>ip and udp port 4789 and ether == 0x3F57FDF6 and ether == 0x58010101 or (icmp and src host 192.168.2.10 and dst host 88.1.1.1)</code></p>
<p>reply:<code>ip and udp port 4789 and ether == 0x59010101 and ether == 0x3E57FEF6 or (icmp and src host 89.1.1.1 and dst host 193.168.1.10)</code></p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/213014y3ztp79bk529e5tk.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>(4)跨DC租户A跨子网互访</p>
<p>filter</p>
<p>request:<code>ip src host 192.168.1.10 and ip dst host 193.168.1.10 or (ip and udp port 4789 and ether == 0xC0A8010A and ether == 0xC1A8010A) or (icmp and src host 192.168.1.10 and dst host 193.168.1.10) or (vlan)</code></p>
<p>reply:<code>ip src host 193.168.1.10 and ip dst host 192.168.1.10 or (ip and udp port 4789 and ether == 0x3E57FEF6 and ether == 0x3F57FEF6) or (icmp and src host 193.168.1.10 and dst host 192.168.1.10) or (vlan)</code></p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/213904f15cx3q7z0rsgm3f.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>(5)跨DC租户A同子网互访</p>
<p>filter</p>
<p>request: <code>icmp and src host 192.168.1.10 and dst host 192.168.1.11 or udp port 4789</code></p>
<p>reply: <code>icmp and src host 192.168.1.11 and dst host 192.168.1.10 or udp port 4789</code></p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/215519wlp69gzdd9i762ld.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>2、第2种组网,华为自研的私有云解决方案HCS,配置参考8.3.1,网络提供底层underlay可达,由计算节点、网络节点、L3GW、裸金属BMS Leaf提供vxlan隧道,俗称type Ⅱ,即软SDN</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/174736qavsaq9ch9advqnv.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>(1)VPC-Peering,用于分属不同vpc内的主机互访</p>
<p>①预期流量模型,计算节点和vRouter节点创建2条vxlan隧道,数据包发送至vRouter后进行vxlan解封装,查路由后,重新封装。由于NE8000不支持跨VRF路由通信,这里外接一台vRouter-inter引流实现(实际不需要)</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/182455yn9j812qdrq388cm.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>②filter语句</p>
<p>request:<code>(ip src host 10.18.1.10 and ip dst host 10.18.2.10) or ( udp port 4789 and ether == 0x0A12010A and ether == 0x0A12020A) or (vlan 12 and src host 10.18.1.10 and dst host 10.18.2.10)</code></p>
<p>replay:<code>src host 10.18.2.10 and dst host 10.18.1.10 or (udp port 4789 and ether == 0x0A12020A and ether == 0x0A12010A) or (vlan 12 and src host 10.18.2.10 and dst host 10.18.1.10)</code></p>
<p>③流量图,深蓝代表请求流量路径,橄榄绿代表回应流量路径</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/194251tqc3or3m4kqqo1xk.gif" alt="peering.gif" title="peering.gif" /></p>
<p>④traceroute -n 10.18.2.10进行复核,路径符合预期</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/192932ujvxxhjjrn077b1p.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>(2)弹性EIP,一般用于云网主机访问云内映射服务器场景使用,1对1映射。</p>
<p>①预期流量模型,云外PE充当云外一台主机,流量先送至BR,BR进行vxlan封装,在ENAT进行解封装,将内层报文的目的IP转换成真实IP,重新进行vxlan封装,到达计算节点进行vxlan解封装</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/184827lnfh886jj0xhzduu.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>②filter语句</p>
<p>request:<code>src 89.1.1.1 or (udp port 4789 and ether == 0x0A12010A) or (vlan and src 89.1.1.1)</code></p>
<p>reply:<code>dst host 89.1.1.1 or (udp port 4789 and ether == 0x0A12010A) or (vlan and dst host 89.1.1.1)</code></p>
<p>③流量图,金黄色代表请求流量,橄榄绿代表回应流量</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/194917im1leeqzimlm78aa.gif" alt="EIP.gif" title="EIP.gif" /></p>
<p>④tracert结果符合预期</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/193131qrwclrs0bsztt10c.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>(3)INAT:内大网流量,计算节点访问管理区一些服务时,进行源NAT转换。</p>
<p>①预期流量模型:数据在计算节点进行vxlan封装,到达网络节点INAT进行vxlan解封装,进行源NAT转换,通过public网路路由到Border Leaf,Border通过明细路由引流到FW,FW查询路由后,跨zone转到DMZ,回送到Border的DMZ_VRF,查路由后发给管理区Leaf</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/193354lmnlzfawcudv94bw.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>②filter语句</p>
<p>request:<code>dst 8.8.8.8 or (udp port 4789 and ether == 0x08080808) or ( vlan and dst 8.8.8.8)</code></p>
<p>reply:<code>src host 8.8.8.8 or (udp src port 4789 and ether == 0x08080808) or (vlan and src host 8.8.8.8)</code></p>
<p>③流量图,紫色代表请求流量,橄榄绿代表回应流量</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/195302i0wmn2fnmwluu2f7.gif" alt="INAT.gif" title="INAT.gif" /></p>
<p>④tracert路径符合预期</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/195504v2nxrgchxia4b4ch.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>(4)ELB-L4,四层应用负载均衡测试,这里用ftp协议</p>
<p>①流量模型:云外主机通过Intenet_VRF路由至网络节点BR,BR节点进行vxlan封装,查路由发到cvs节点,解封装同时进行目的NAT转换,转换后重新进行vxlan封装,采用算法负载到后台真实计算节点,到达计算节点进行vxlan解封装。</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/195700egnq2jkc2uj8ndvg.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>②filter语句</p>
<p>request:<code>src host 88.1.1.10 or src host 88.1.1.20 or (udp port 4789 and ether == 0x53EC99F6) or (vlan and src host 88.1.1.10)</code></p>
<p>reply:<code>dst host 88.1.1.10 or dst 88.1.1.20 or (udp port 4789 and ether == 0x53EC99F6) or (vlan and dst host 88.1.1.10)</code></p>
<p>③深红代表请求流量,橄榄绿代表回应流量</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/201120csc1gc0kp99hs9sq.gif" alt="ELB-L4.gif" title="ELB-L4.gif" /></p>
<p>④tracert路径符合预期</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/201336sa4hfgzwf0afyyzf.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>(5)ELB-L7,七层负载均衡测试,采用HTTP协议</p>
<p>①流量模型:云外PC通过Internet_VRF路由至BR,在BR节点进行vxlan封装,查路由,送到CVS节点,进行FULL NAT转换,重新进行vxlan封装通过负载均衡算法发给Nginx节点,到达Nginx节点进行vxlan解封装,再次进行FULL NAT转换,重新进行vxlan封装通过负载均衡发给内部真实计算节点。</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/201506ppefpeptijy6ifij.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>②filter语句</p>
<p>request:<code>src host 88.1.1.10 or src host 88.1.1.20 or (udp port 4789 and ether == 0x53EC99F6) or (vlan and src host 88.1.1.10)</code></p>
<p>reply:<code>dst host 88.1.1.10 or dst 88.1.1.20 or (udp port 4789 and ether == 0x53EC99F6) or (vlan and dst host 88.1.1.10)</code></p>
<p>③深红代表请求流量,橄榄绿代表回应流量</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/202016i8z2uo2727o98wdd.gif" alt="ELB-L7.gif" title="ELB-L7.gif" /></p>
<p>④tracert路径符合预期</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/202156l2fvztwq8qev7k2d.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>(6)增强型云专线,用于提供企业分支通过VPN拨入</p>
<p>①流量模型:L3GW和云内节点搭建vxlan隧道,云外分支通过L3GW网关访问云内服务。</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/202341vdm888m8vjjyqy8z.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>②filter语句</p>
<p>request:<code>udp port 4789 and (udp & 0xffffff00) = 0x00006400 and ether = 1 and ether = 0x0a12010a and ether = 0x63010101 and src host 172.100.2.11 and dst host 172.100.2.1 or (vlan 101 and src host 10.18.1.10 and dst host 99.1.1.1)</code></p>
<p>reply:<code>udp port 4789 and udp = 0x00006400 and ether = 1 and ether = 0x539BFDFF and ether = 0x539BFDF5 and src host 172.100.2.1 and dst host 172.100.2.11 or (vlan 101 and src host 99.1.1.1 and dst host 10.18.1.10)</code></p>
<p>③黑色代表请求流量,橄榄绿代表回应流量</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/203706ps84vw22tuayhuwu.gif" alt="strong.gif" title="strong.gif" /></p>
<p>④tracert符合预期</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/203850qjrbr5y6i20d8r24.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>(7)裸金属访问OBS</p>
<p>①流量模型,裸金属节点通过裸金属leaf进行vxlan封装,路由到L3GW进行vxlan解封装,查路由通过Pullic_VRF进行转发,回到OBS-Leaf</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/204004qh6ykykhdexh66zx.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>②filter语句</p>
<p>request: <code>udp port 4789 and ether == 0x0A12060A and ether == 0x0A12070A or (icmp and src host 10.18.6.10 and dst host 10.18.7.10) or (vlan 13)</code></p>
<p>reply: <code>udp port 4789 and ether == 0x0A12070A and ether == 0x0A12060A or (icmp and src host 10.18.7.10 and dst host 10.18.6.10) or (vlan 13)</code></p>
<p>③棕色代表请求流量,橄榄绿代表回应流量</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/205835xnntit0mzzvvmv0s.gif" alt="BMS.gif" title="BMS.gif" /></p>
<p>④tracert路径</p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/210016bbdpphuieedipaz7.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>三、广域网</p>
<p>广域网经过这10年(2015-->2025)不断迭代变迁,主要痛点和述求是智能选路,由传统MPLS VPN变迁至智能SD-WAN,智能SD-WAN底层underlay的路由可达还是受限于传统BGP,针对此,进一步迭代到下一代SRv6。SD-WAN可采用华为+友商结合的方式,比较适合于中小客户,SRv6适合于大型客户,需全套NE8000设备+NCE-IP控制器</p>
<p>1、传统MPLS VPN组网</p>
<p>以VPNA为例。192.168.1.10--->192.168.2.10</p>
<p>request:<code>src host 192.168.1.10 and dst host 192.168.2.10 or (mpls and (src host 192.168.1.10 and dst host 192.168.2.10) or (mpls and src host 192.168.1.10 and dst host 192.168.2.10))</code></p>
<p>reply:<code>src host 192.168.2.10 and dst host 192.168.1.10 or (mpls and src host 192.168.2.10 and dst host 192.168.1.10) or (mpls and src host 192.168.2.10 and dst host 192.168.1.10)</code></p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/220627qfcud3uu1vk3kiuv.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/220727kippak3tvirnpikr.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>2、SD-WAN组网</p>
<p>request <code>src host 192.168.1.10 and dst host 192.168.3.10 or (ip proto 47)</code></p>
<p>reply:<code>src host 192.168.1.30 and dst host 192.168.1.10 or (ip proto 47)</code></p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/223755mbwnb843uwzfwzyw.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p>3、SRv6组网</p>
<p>request:<code>(icmp and src host 1.1.1.1 and dst host 3.3.3.3) or (ether == 0x86dd and ether == 4 and ether & 0xf0 == 0x40 and ether == 1 and ether == 0x01010101 and ether == 0x03030303) or (ether == 0x86dd and ether == 43 and ether == 8 and ether & 0xf0 == 0x40 and ether == 1 and ether == 0x01010101 and ether == 0x03030303)</code></p>
<p>reply:<code>(ip and src host 1.1.1.1 and dst host 3.3.3.3) or (ether == 0x86dd and ether == 4 and ether & 0xf0 == 0x40 and ether == 0x01010101 and ether == 0x03030303) or (ether == 0x86dd and ether == 43 and ether == 8 and ether & 0xf0 == 0x40 and ether == 0x01010101 and ether == 0x03030303)</code></p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/223527vbbiwiboiugnwene.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
<p><img src="data/attachment/forum/202611/08/223700pndia7megq7ey0gq.png" alt="图片.png" title="图片.png" /></p>
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